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Friday, May 31, 2024
The role of Muslim Freedom Fighters of Telangana State
Monday, November 21, 2022
Hari Nath Adhikari
Adhikari, Hari Nath, resident Puri, Bihar and Orissa. Indented and blunt nose ; high forehead ; slanting eyes ; medium complexion, build and stature ; age about 48 (1913). Was a teacher in the Rangpur Technical School. Was made a special constable during the boycott agitation. Has a house in Puri.
Ramesh Chandra Acharji
Acharji, Ramesh Chandra, alias Kali Das Roy, son of Kali
Prasanna, resident Banori, Bengal. Brahmin ; medium
complexion ; thin build: height 5' 3" ; age 22 (1913).
Passed the F.A. Examination in the year 1910 from the
Ananda Mohan College, Mymensingh, and then entered
the Sonarang National School as a teacher. Was a des¬
perate character. Was sent up in April 1911, for trial
in the postal peon's assault and theft case, and sentenced
to 4 months' rigorous imprisonment under section 147,
Indian Penal Code, but acquitted on appeal. Arrested
on the 6th June 1911, under suspicious circumstances
with one J.C. Chakrabatti, close to a house of a wealthy
Muhammadan at Chandpur, post office Madanganj, Mymen¬
singh, ostensibly with the object of committing a dacoity.
Was sent up under section 109, Criminal Procedure Code,
and ordered to furnish a bond of Rs. 1,000, and two
securities of Rs. 500 each, to be of good behaviourfor
one year, in default I year's rigorous imprisonment. On
4th January 1912, on appeal to High Court, the sentence
was set aside. Was also suspected in the find of arms and
ammunition at Sonarang in 1911. Pleaded guilty in the
Barisal conspiracy case, in a charge under section 121-A,
Indian Penal Code, and sentenced to 12 years' rigorous
imprisonment on 22nd January 1914.
Priyanath Acharji
Baikantlia Nath Acharji
Sunday, June 19, 2022
Indian National Congress History and important bits
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS SESSIONS – 1885 - 1948
YEAR – PLACE CONVENED – PRESIDENTS – IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS
‘The Indian Association’ first avowed nationalist association in British India. 1876. Surendranath Benerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose. Aim: Political, intellectual and material advancement of the people.
INC : 1885 December 28. A.O. Hume.
Akbar Road, New Delhi.
Newspaper: Congress Sandesh National Herald.
1st President.
1st Parsi President
2nd Parsi President
1st Muslim President
2nd Muslim President
1st South Indian President
2nd South Indian President
1st Session in South India
2nd Session in South India
1st Woman President
1st Woman to address INC Session.
1st foreign president of INC
2nd foreign president of INC Sir William Wedderburn 1. 2. 1910 Allahabad
3rd foreign president of INC - Alfred Webb - 1894 Madras.
4th foreign president of INC - Sir Henry Cotton 1904 Bombay.
1st INC Session attended by Gandhi was Calcutta session held in 1901.
2st INC session attended by Nehru - Bankipore (Patna) 1912.
Totla INC sessions held in Madras : 1. 1887 Badruddin Tyabji. 2. 1894 Sir William Wedderburn 3. 1898 Anand Mohan Bose 4. Lal Mohan Ghosh 1903 5. Rash Behari Ghosh 1908 6. Bhupendra Nath Basu 1914 7. M.A. Ansari 1927 8.
Vandemataram was sung first time in Calcutta INC session held in 1896, presided over by Rahimathullah M Sayani. It was sung by Rabindranath Tagore.
Drain of wealth was first accepted in 1896 INC Calcutta session.
Chettur Shankaran Nair is the only Malayalee president of INC - 1897 Amaraoti (Maharashtra).
________________________________________
Pattabhi Sitharamaiyyah
• Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah is also known as ‘the official historian of Indian National Congress’
• He is the author of the book ‘History of Congress.’ Dr. Rajendra Prasad wrote introduction for this book published in 1935.
• The diary he maintained during the jail time was published later as ‘Feathers and stones’
|
YEAR |
PLACE |
PRESIDENT |
IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS |
1 |
1885 |
Bombay |
W C Bonnerjee Also Presided over Allahabad Session-1892 |
1st session attended by 72 delegates. Most of the delegates were from Bombay.
|
2 |
1886 |
Calcutta |
Dadabhai Naoroji Headed total 3 sessions: 1. 1886 Calcutta, 2. 1893 Lahore and 3. 1906 Calcutta |
* National Congress and National Conference * 1ST. Parsi President. * It was attended by 434 delegates * Congress decided to set up Provincial Congress Committees across the country |
3 |
1887 |
Madras |
Syed Badruddin Tyabji |
Appeal made to Muslims to join hands with other national leaders. First Muslim President – Syed Badruddin Tyabji. Attended by 607 delegates. First Session conducted in South India. |
4 |
1888 |
Allahabad |
George Yule |
First Foreigner/European/White / English President of INC. It was attended by 1248 delegates. |
5 |
1889 |
Bombay |
Sir William Wedderburn |
First Congress session attended by Women Attended by 1889 delegates William Wedderburn was the second foreigner President of INC He was the only foreigner to be the President of INC twice (1889 Bombay and 1910 Allahabad) |
6 |
1890 |
Calcutta |
Feroz Shah Mehta |
Pherosh Shah Mehta was the second Parsi president of INC. A woman addressed Congress for the first time in this session. Kadambini Ganguly was the first woman to address a Congress session. |
7 |
1891 |
Nagpur |
P. Ananda Charlu |
Ananda Charlu was the 1st South Indian President of INC (Madras). The term ‘national’ was added to the name of Congress. |
8 |
1892 |
Allahabad |
W C Bonnerjee |
2nd time as President. |
9 |
1893 |
Lahore |
Dadabhai Naoroji |
2nd time as President. |
10 |
1894 |
Madras |
Alfred Webb |
3rd Foreign President of INC. |
11 |
1895 |
Poona |
Surendranath Banerjee |
– |
12 |
1896 |
Calcutta |
Rahimtullah M. Sayani |
National song ‘Vande Mataram’ sung for the first time. It was sung by Rabindra Natha Tagore. Congress officially accepted the drain of wealth theory in this session Rahimathullah Sayani was the second Muslim President of INC |
13 |
1897 |
Amravati |
Chettur Sankaran Nair |
Only Malayali president of INC. |
14 |
1898 |
Madras |
Ananda Mohan Bose |
Social reform was set as the main goal of Congress. |
15 |
1899 |
Lucknow |
Romesh Chandra Dutt |
Demand for permanent fixation of Land revenue |
16 |
1900 |
Lahore |
N G Chandavarkar |
|
17 |
1901 |
Calcutta |
Dinshaw E. Wacha |
First time Gandhiji appeared on the Congress platform Gandhi moved a resolution on South Africa in 1901 Calcutta session. |
18 |
1902 |
Ahmedabad |
Surendranath Banerjee |
|
19 |
1903 |
Madras |
Lal Mohan Ghosh |
– |
20 |
1904 |
Bombay |
Sir Henry Cotton |
* Congress protested the violation of rules by Lord Curzon as he used revenues from India for his forward policy in Tibet. * Henry Cotton was the third foreigner President and first foreigner president in 20th century. |
21 |
1905 |
Benares |
Gopal Krishna Gokhale |
* Expressed resentment against the partition of Bengal. * The divisions between the moderates led by Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Surendranath Banerjea and the extremists led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak came to the fore in this session. While Tilak and Lala Lajpat Rai wanted the Congress to boycott the visit of the Prince of Wales in protest against the Bengal Partition, the moderates opposed any such move. * Formal proclamation of Swadeshi movement against government |
22 |
1906 |
Calcutta |
Dadabhai Naoroji |
* The word ‘Swaraj’ was mentioned for the first time. * Adopted four resolutions on: Swaraj (Self Government), Boycott Movement, Swadeshi and National Education. Congress declared Swaraj or Self Government as its ultimate goal. * This declaration was made by President Dadabhai Naoroji. * Naoroji was 81 year old at that time and the oldest President of INC till date. |
23 |
1907 |
Surat
|
Rash Behari Ghosh |
* Party splits into extremists and moderates. The session was marred with violence and eventually suspended. Extremists left Congress. * 1st split. * Held on the banks of river Tapti. * Adjournment of Session |
|
1908 |
Madras |
Rash Behari Ghosh |
Previous session continued |
24 |
1909 |
Lahore |
Madan Mohan Malaviya |
Indian Councils Act, 1909 |
25 |
1910 |
Allahabad |
Sir William Wedderburn |
M.A Jinnah decried the separate electorate system introduced by act of 1909. |
26 |
1911 |
Calcutta |
Bishan Narayan Dhar |
‘Jana Gana Mana’ sung for the first time. * Congress welcomed the British Monarch, George V, who was visiting India for the first time. |
27 |
1912 |
Bankipore (Patna) |
Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar |
* Bankipur Session was the first congress session attended by Jawaharlal Nehru. |
28 |
1913 |
Karachi |
Syed Mohammed |
– |
29 |
1914 |
Madras |
Bhupendra Nath Basu |
– |
30 |
1915 |
Bombay |
Satyendra Prasanna Sinha |
Constitution of the Congress was altered to admit the delegates from the extremist section. |
31 |
1916 |
Lucknow |
Ambica Charan Mazumdar |
* Lucknow Pact – Unity between two factions-Moderates and Extremists of Congress * Lucknow Pact signed between Congress and Muslim League to build political consensus / joint session with the All India Muslim League. |
32 |
1917 |
Calcutta |
Annie Besant (1847 – 1933) |
First woman president of the INC |
33 |
1918 |
Bombay And Delhi |
Syed Hasan Imam (Bombay) And Madan Mohan Malaviya (Delhi) |
* Two sessions were held. First in Bombay in August/September Second in Delhi in December. * 1st INC session in Delhi. * The session was convened to deliberate the contentious Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms Scheme |
34 |
1919 |
Amritsar |
Motilal Nehru |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre strongly condemned. Congress extended support to Khilafat Movement. |
35 |
1920* |
Calcutta |
Lala Lajpat Rai |
Special Session. Mahatma Gandhi moved the Non cooperation resolution.
|
36 |
1920 |
Nagpur |
C Vijayaraghavachariar |
* Reconstitution of Working committees of Congress on Linguistic basis * MA Jinnah left the Indian National Congress. Congress was given new organizational structure * Congress decided to set up Provincial Committees on linguistic basis * Congress subscription was fixed at 4 annas and minimum age for membership was reduced to 18. * A 15-member Congress Working Committee was constituted. * Congress changed its goal from ‘attainment of self government by constitutional means’ to ‘attainment of swaraj by peaceful and legitimate manner.’ |
37 |
1921 |
Ahmedabad |
Hakim Ajmal Khan (acting President For C R Das) |
Chitharanjan Das was chosen as the President of INC in 1921. Since he was in jail, Hakim Ajmal Khan was elected as President in the absence of C.R. Das. * Hakkim Ajmal Khan was the first Acting President of INC. He is the only person to have been appointed president of the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League and the All India Khilafat Committee. Moulana Hasrat Mohani was the first person to propose that Swaraj should be defined as complete independence, free from foreign control in 1921 while presiding over a Muslim League Session in 1921. |
38 |
1922 |
Gaya |
C R Das |
– |
39 |
1923* |
Delhi |
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad |
Special session. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad became the president of INC for the first time * Azad was the youngest president of INC, at the age of 35. * Congress decided to set up All India Khadi Board |
40 |
1923 |
Kakinada |
Maulana Mohammad Ali, |
– |
41 |
1924 |
Belgaum Karnataka |
M K Gandhi |
Only Session presided over by Mahatma Gandhi. |
42 |
1925 |
Kanpur |
Sarojini Naidu (1879 – 1949) |
2nd Woman and 1st Indian woman president of INC. |
43 |
1926 |
Guwahati |
S Srinivasa Iyengar |
– |
44 |
1927 |
Madras |
M A Ansari |
* Passed a resolution against the use of Indian troops in China, Iran and Mesopotamia. * Congress decided to boycott Simon Commission * Passed a resolution against boycott of Simon Commission |
45 |
1928 |
Calcutta |
Motilal Nehru |
All India Youth Congress formed. Congress demanded Dominion status to be given within one year. |
46 |
1929 |
Lahore |
Jawaharlal Nehru |
Resolution for ‘Poorna Swaraj.’ Civil Disobedience movement for complete independence to be launched, 26 January to be observed as ‘Independence Day’. * On December 31, 1929 Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted tricolor flag on the Banks of river Ravi, at Lahore. * J.L. Nehru was the youngest person to be the president of INC in a regular session. (Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad became the president in a special session) |
|
1930 |
No Session |
– |
– |
47 |
1931 |
Karachi |
Vallabhbhai Patel |
Resolution on fundamental rights and national economic progress. Fundamental rights were defined for the first time. Gandhi-Irwin pact endorsed. Gandhi nominated to represent INC in the second round table conference. |
48 |
1932 |
Delhi |
Amrit Ranchhorddas Seth |
– |
49 |
1933 |
Calcutta |
Malaviya Was Elected But Mrs Nellie Sengupta Presided |
2nd Foreign woman and first British woman president of INC. Nillie Sen Guptha’s original name was Edith Ellen Gray. |
50 |
1934 |
Bombay |
Rajendra Prasad |
– |
51 |
1937 |
Lucknow |
Jawaharlal Nehru |
– |
52 |
1936 |
Faizpur |
Jawaharlal Nehru |
First rural session/first session to be held in a village. |
53 |
1938 |
Haripura |
Subhas Chandra Bose |
National planning committee set up under Nehru |
54 |
1939 |
Tripuri |
Subhas Chandra Bose |
* An election was held for the post of President, for the first time in Congress * Subhas Chandra Bose defeated Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah, the nominee of Gandhi. Subhas Chandra Bose was the first elected President of INC. Bose was elected but had to resign since Gandhi supported Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Instead, Rajendra Prasad was appointed. |
55 |
1940 |
Ramgarh |
Abul Kalam Azad |
1940 to 1946 Abul Kalam Azad was the president. Longest continuous term president. |
|
1941-45 |
– |
– |
No session because of arrests. |
56 |
1946 |
Meerut |
Acharya Kripalani |
Last session before independence. Kriplani was the president of INC at the time of independence. |
57 |
1948 |
Jaipur |
Pattabhi Sitaramayya |
* First session after independence. * It was in this session, Congress appointed JVP Committee to look into the matter of linguistic reorganization of Indian states. The committee consisted of Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitharamiyyah |