Mughal Empire Babur 1526-1530

Babur
He was born on 14th February 1483;
Chagatai Turkish ruler;
He was 5th in descendent from Taimur and his mother was related to Changez Khan;
Mother's Name - Qutlug Nihgar Khanum, was the daughter of Yunus Khan;
Father's Name - Umar Sheikh Mirza - ruled the
kindgom of FARGANA;
In November 1497, he defeated Baisunqur Mirza and captured Samarkand.
He even lost Fargana, but in June 1498, he recovered Fargana and in November 1500 again
won Samarkand from Shaibani Khan - the chief of Uzbeks;
Again in 1501, he was badly defeated by Shaibani Khan and compelled to give his sister
Khanzada Begum in marriage. He became throneless and went to Taskent and took Shelter
under his maternal uncle Sultan
Mahmood Khan;
In June, 1503, Battle of Archiyan was fought and this gave a lesson to Babur that he could
have an east ward expansion;
In October 1504, he crossed Hindukush.
In Jan. 1505, he set out by Khyber pass for Peshawar and reached Kohat;
In September 1507, Babur crossed Indus advanced as far as Mandrawar in Lamghan;
In the meantime Shaibani Khan retired from Qandhar and Babur got tilte of Mirza (Prince)
and styled himself as Badshah of Kabul;
Humayun was born here only;
Babur again became active in 1518;
He conquered Bhira and at the Battle of Bhira gunpowder was used for the first time;
In 1519, he seized Bajaur. According to Babur it was his first real Indian invasion;
After Bajaur he captured Peshawar, defeated Yusufai Afghans;
In 1524, Babur led his 6th expedition on the invitation of Daulat Khan;
Babur had to return back in 1525 because of the Uzbek rebellion;
In his 7th attempt on 27th April, 1526, first battle of Panipat, he defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and
founded Mughal Empire in India;
In this war Babur took position in centre, right centre-chin Taimur Sultan and Left Centre
Mir Ali Khalifa, also assisted by Humayun and Khvajakilan.
Ibrahim Lodhi had 1 lac. Men and 1000 elephants while Babur had 24 000 men;
On 27th April, 1526, the Khutba was read in his name in Jami Masjid;
In the meantime Agra was captured by Humayun;
Humayun welcomed Babur and gave Kohinoor to him, which was captured from late Raja
Vikramjit of Gwalior;
Humayun captured Jaunpur, Gazipur, Kalpi and Gwalior;
Babur in December, 1526, narrowly escaped death from poison mixed in his food by Sultan
Ibrahim's mother through royal servants;
Next target was Rana Sanga-leaders of the Rajput confederacy;
Rana Sanga helped Babur in the war against Ibrahim Lodhi;
Babur declared his first Jehad against Rana Sanga and Rana Sangram Singh;
Finally on 17th March, 1527, in the Battle of Khanua, village some 37 miles west from Agra,
Rana Sanga was defeated;
Here he adopted a new strategy, also adopted in the 1st battle of Panipat-TULGAM (the
centre has a weak section, while the sides have a stronger one);
After Khanua, Babur assumed title 'Ghazi'"
On 7th April, 1527, he went to Mewat's capital Alwar and then to Malwa against Maidaui Rai
and captured parts of Chanderi; On 2nd February 1528, he sent an expedition under VIVAN
who captured Ayodhya and Lucknow and turned to Kanauj;
Here Mahmood Lodhi fought a war. On 6th May,1529, Battle of Ghhagra (Battle of Ganga),
he defeated the Afghans;
There after Babur sent Humayun to Samarkand;
Babur became ill and retired to his Jagir' at Sambhal and on 26th December.,
1530, he died in Agra;
His body was sent to Kabul;
His autobiography (Tuzuk-i-Baburi) was written in Turkish. He wrote Diwan in Turkish and
collection of Masnawis called MUBAYYAN - writer on law; He was one of the finest
Calligrapher and painter;