Encyclopedia of Indian History

Delhi Sultans

Muhammadof Ghor appointed Qutb ud din Aibak as his viceroy to the provinces he won in India. After the death of Ghor, viceroys of Ghor at various places fought among themselves. Qutb ud din Aibak declared himself as the king of Indian provinces won by Ghor.
After the death of Muhammad Ghor, in 1206 Tajuddin Yalduz proclaimed himself as the ruler of Ghazni. Aibak became king of Ghor’s Indian provinces.

Iqtiyar ud din Muhammad was one of Aibak’s military generals.

Qutb Uddin Aibak - Details
Aram Shah - Details
Iltutmish - Details
Rukhn ud din Feroz Shah - Details
Razia Sultana - Details

• Muiz ud din Bahram (1240–1242)
• Alauddin Masud (1242–1246),
• Nasiruddin Mahmud (1246–1266)
• Ghiyas uddin Balban (1266–1286),
• Muiz uddin Qaiqabad (1286–1290),

• Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290–1296)
• Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)
• Umar Khan Khilji (1316)
• Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah (1316-1320)
• Khusro Khan (1320)

• Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1320-1325)
• Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325-1351)
• Mahmud Ibn Muhammad (March 1351)
• Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
• Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II (1388–
1389)• Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
• Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III(1390–1393)
• Sikander Shah I (March-April 1393)
• Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq(1393–1413)
• Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq(1394–1414),

• Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
• Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
• Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
• Alam Shah (1445–1451)

• Bahlul Lodi (1451–1489)
• Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
• Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526),

Iqtiyar ud din Muhammad

Iqtiyar ud din Muhammad was Qutb ud din Aibak, the 1st Delhi Sultan's military general.

Muhammad Ghor

Muhammad Ghor

First name of Muhammad Ghor was Shihab ad din.

Muhammad of Ghazni, Yamīn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn Sebüktegīn, invaded on India only to plunder it. Unlike Muhammad of Gajani, Muhammad Ghor invaded on India to rule it.

Invasions of Muhammad Ghor, Muizz ad din Muhammad Ghori,

1175 A.D. Muhammad of Ghor occupied Multan and Uch, and established military

administrative units over there.

1178 A.D. When Muhammad Ghor invaded on Gujarath, Muladeva- 2 of Solanki dynasty

defeated him.

1179 A.D. Occupied Peshawar.

1186 A.D. Lahore was under the authority of Khusrav malik. Khusrav malik was Gajani

Muhammad’s viceroy. Mohamad of Ghor occupied Lahore.

1189 A.D. Occupied Sarhind fort of Prithviraj Chowhan III.

1191 A.D. Battle of Tarain -1 or Battle of Sthaneshwar 1 – Prithviraj Chowhan III defeated

Muhammad Ghor. Govindaraja, brother of Prithviraj III wounded Muhammad Ghor.

1192 A.D. Battle of Tarain2 / Battle of Sthaneshwar2 – Muhammad Ghor defeated Prithviraj Chowhan3 and killed Govinda Raja.

1194 A.D. Battle of Chandawar – Muhammad of Ghor defeated Jayachandra of Gahadwala dynasty. After the battle of Chandawar, Muhammad Ghor occupied Ajmeer.

Qutb ud din Aibak was appointed as his viceroy to the places he won in India.

Skanda Guptha

Skanda Guptha was the last important Guptha King.
Son and successor of Kumara Guptha 1.
Soon after his accessions he faced the attacks of Huns but he was able to control them with combination of courage, determination and military genius in his personality.

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Kumara Guptha of Guptha Dynasty

Kumara Guptha - I 412 A.D. - 452 A.D.

Kumara Guptha was son and successor of Chandra Guptha 2 Vikramaditya.
Ruled for 40 years.
Followed Vedic Religion.
Performed Ashwamedha Yaga - Ashwamedha Sacrifice.
Added western Malwa (Part of M.P.) to Guptha empire.
Towards the end of Kumara Guptha period Hunas, the barbarian Central Asian tribes attacked Guptha Empire.
Kumara Guptha was the founder of Nalanda University.

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Chandra Guptha 2 Vikramadhithya

Chandra Guptha 2 Vikramadhithya 380 A.D. - 412 A.D.

Guptha's glory reached zenith during Chandra Guptha II's period.
His title is 'Vikramaditya'.
Chandra Guptha II Vikramadithya's elder brother was Rama Guptha. After the death of Samudra Guptha, Rama Guptha Came to throne. In the early days of Rama Guptha Western Satrap (A Saka ruler) Basana invaded Guptha's territories and kept Rama Guptha under his capture and asked him to submit his wife 'Druva Devi'. Rama Guptha also accepted for that. At this situation Chandra Guptha -II intervened and killed Basana and his brother Rama Guptha. He married Rama Guptha's wife Druva Devi.
* Vishakadatta's work 'Devi Chandra Guptham' narrates this story.
2. Chandra Guptha - II married Kubhera Naga of Naga Dynasty.
3. In western India the presence of Western Kshatrapas became a threat to the political unity of Guptha Empire. So Chandra Guptha - II strategically gave his daughter Prabhavathi Guptha to Vakataka King Rudrasena-II. With the support of Rudrasena-II, Chandra Guptha-II killed Rudra Simha-III, the last Western Kshatrapa/Saka ruler.

Annexed Gujarath and got control over Broach (Barukachcha / Berigaja) , Sophara and Combay. (All these places are economically rich).

Also got control over Ujjain, the most strategic trading center of India. Ujjain was linked with trade routes in all directions. (Bactria etc.)

According to Mehrauli Iron Pillar edict near Qutb Minar, Delhi, he defeated a Vanga Confederacy.
Vanga = Bengal.
Chandra Guptha - II also conquered some areas near Bactria.
Chandra Guptha - II extended his empire in all directions.

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Samudra Guptha

Samudra Guptha - 325 A.D. - 380 A.D.

Samudra Guptha is son and successor of Chandra Guptha 1.
Samudra Guptha defeated his cousin Kacha to ascend the throne.
The inscription Allahabad Prashasti is the most important source to know the military achievements of Samudra Guptha. Allahabad Prasasti was inscribed on a pillar by Harisena, the Military General of Samudra Guptha. (Prasasti = Eulogy, Praising)
* Allahabad Pillar inscription belongs to Ashoka.
* Allahabad Prasasti belongs to Samudra Guptha.

Military Campaigns of Samudra Guptha
1) Led his army against Nagas and Vakataka kingdoms. Samudra Guptha took advantage of the differences between Nagas and Vakatakas and attacked on their empire. Samudra Guptha successfully defeated the Nagas and Vakatakas.

2) On Eastern side -- Tamralipthi (in Bengal)

3) Defeated Rajasthan and Punjab. His military base in Nagas and Vakatakas territories Samudra Guptha could defeat them.

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History of Samudra Guptha

Chandra Guptha 1 of Guptha dynasty

Chandra Guptha - 1 -

320 A.D. -335 A.D.

The real founder of Guptha Empire is Chandra Guptha1.
In order to extend his empire he married Kumara Devi, the princess of Lichchavi's.
His Marriage enhanced the power and prestige of obscure Gupthan Empire.
Chandra Guptha-I's Empire covered the parts of
1) North Bihar
2) Avad (Aud) (Present Lucknow)
3) Magadha.

On 26th February 320 A.D. Chandra Guptha -I started the Guptha era.

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