Mughal Empire Akbar 1556-1605

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Meaning of the Name Akbar is The Great.

3rd Mughal Emperor.

Greatest among the Mughal Emperors.

One of the greatest kings of India.

Akbar 1556 - 1605

Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was the son of Humayun and Hamida Banu Begam.

Akbar was born at Amarkot in 1542. Amarkot was a palace of a Hindu King named Rana Virsal Prasad.

 Bairam Khan coronated him at Kalanaur when he was 14 years old.

 Bairam Khan represented him in the Second Battle of Panipat in 1556 against Hemu Vikramaditya.

Hemu, the PM of Muhammad Shah Adil of Bengal, was defeated. Hemu is considered the last Hindu

king of Delhi.

Conquered Malwa in 1561 defeating Baz Bahadur.

Won Gujarat in 1572. It was in order to commemorate his victory of Gujarat that Akbar got the Buland Darwaza constructed at Fatehpur Sikri.

Also introduced the Mansabdary System to organise the nobility as well as the army.

Mansabdar meant holder of a rank. Mansabdars were entrusted with the task of maintaining some army. In lieu of their salary a piece of land was given to them. The more trusted will be entrusted with a bigger rank / number of troops he should maintain.

Abu’l – Fazl, the Wazir of Akbar and author of the Akbamama an account of Akbar’s reign.

 Faizi was historian Abul Fazl’s brother in Akbar’s court. He was a poet composing in Persian and an all – round genius.

Tansen, believed to be one of the greatest musician of all times, was born in a Hindu family

in Gwalior.

Raja Birbal, alias Mahesh Das, was a courtier in the administration of Akbar.

 Raja Todar Mal was Akbar’s finance minister, who overhauled the revenue system in the

kingdom. The revenue system introduced by Raja Todar Mal is known as 'Bandobasth system', largely inspired by Sharshah's Rytwari system / Sher Shah's revenue system.

Raja Man Singh was the Kacchwaha raja of Amber. He was a mansabdar and a trusted general

of Akbar.

Abdul Rahim Khan – e – Khana was a poet and the son of Akbar’s trusted caretaker, Bairam Khan.

After Bairam Khan was murdered, Bairan Khan’s wife became the second wife of Akbar, which

made Abdul Rahim Khan – e Khan his stepson.

 Faqir Aziao Din was one of Akbar’s chief advisors.

 Mullah Do Piaza was among the Mughal emperor Akbar’s chief advisors.

Ibadat Khana - Akbar's prayer hall. Here Akbar participated in religious discussion with the representatives of various religions.

Infalliable Decree - was issued by Akbar in 1579.

Akbar introduced a new religion named 'Din - e - Ilahi' in the year 1582.

This new religion was based on the principles of universal brotherhood and world peace. Wahadat ul wazood and Sul - i - Kul.

 

Reasons for Akbar's liberal religious outlook.

1. Akbar was born in a Hindu palace and he was raised by them for some years.

2. Akbar was a Sunni Muslim. Bairam Khan, Akbar's guardian was a Shia Muslim.

3. Akbar was the devotee of famous sufi saint, Shaik Salim Chisti. Chisti sufi order was a liberal one.

4. Most of Akbar's friends and wives were Hindus. Man Singh. Birbal / Mahesh Das. Raja Todar mal.

5. Abul Faizi, Abul Fazl were the followers of Sufism. They were Akbar's close associates.

Akbar (1556-1605) According to Abul Fazl and Badauni - the news of Humayun's death was concealed by Bairam Khan in order to prepare for the unopposed succession of Akbar; On 14th February 1556, Akbar ascended the throne, at the age 13 years; Then Bairam Khan resumed his activity against Sikandar Soor; Akbar then moved to Sirhind and Bairam Khan executed Tardi Begh Khan for his failure at Delhi; From Sirhind Akbar and Bairam Khan advanced to Delhi and faced Hemu (Hemu Shah) - adopted title Vikramaditya.

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On 5th November 1556, 2nd Battle of Panipat took place and Hemu captured by Shah Quli Khan Mahram; After the victory of Panipat, Akbar entered Delhi; In the meantime Sikander Soor defeated Khizr Khwaja Khan, and Sikander retreated; Finally on 25th July 1557, Sikander Soor surrendered; For 4 years (1556 - 59) Bairam Khan had bravely piloted the ship of Mughals against all odds; As early as May, 1557, Bairam Khan suspected that Akbar had begum to dislike him; Akbar was gradually coming under the influence of Atga Khail (foster relations) and Maham Anaga; Akbar hatched a conspiracy with Maham Anaga, to kill Bairam Khan; On 19th March, 1560, Akbar left Agra on the pretext of hunting and the conspiracy was drawn; Bairam Khan's family resided at Tabarhind (Modern Bhatinda); In 1560, Bairam Khan was killed;

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In 1561, Akbar undertook the conquest of Malwa; The Mughal army led by Adham Khan defeated the musician king Baz Bahur on 29th March 1561; Baz Bahadur fled and made an alliance with Mubarak Khan of Khandesh and Tufar Khan of Berar and they defeated the Mughal army; In 1562, Akbar sent his 2nd army under Abdullah Khan - an Uzbek, who compelled Baz Bahadur to flee to Chittor; Abdullah Khan took Mandu and Mughal rule was established in Malwa; From 1560 - 62, Akbar remained under the influence of Maham Anaga - foster mother of Akbar, Adham Singh and Shahibuddin; Akbar's Personality : - Akbar adopted Persian festival - NUROZ; He also adopted Persian Solar calendar; He conferred title to different people : - JAGAT GURU : - Jaina Saint, Hari Vijay Suri; JUG PRADHAN : - Jin Chandra Suri, Kawtar Sampradaya;

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Tony Monserreta, a Jesuits, came to his court; Nagada beating started during his reign; Jharonkha Darshan was started by him; Taslim-i-Chauth was also started by him; Famine relief started for the first time during 1594-98 famine; Tulsi Das, Birbal (Kavi Priya), Soor Das, Rahim, Raskhan, all flourished during his reign; He built important forts -Attock, Fatehpur Sikri and Allahabad fort; He made Fatehpur Sikri his capital after the victory of Gujarat; He abolished Sati and permitted widow remarriage. Fixed marriage age: -14 years for girls and 16 for boys; He also abolished slavery; Started Taccavi (Sondhar); Lots of Books were translated into Persian during his period: - Ibrahim Sirhindi - translated the Atharva Veda into Persian;

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Naqib Khan, Abdur Kadir Badauni and Sheikh Sultan - Mahabharat; Faizi-Lilawati, Nal Damyanti; Mullah Shah Md. -Rajtarangini; Maulana Shorre -Harivansh "Parv'; Abul Fazal -Panchtantara; Badauni - Ramayana; Makhmal Khan - Tajak; Maulana Shah -History of Kashmir; Zia Naqshbandi -Tutinama and Kok Shastra; He was tolerant. Purushottam Das and Devi explained about Hinduism; Maharaj ji Rana discussed about Zoroastrianism; Hari Vijay Rai Suri discussed about Jainism; Antonio Cabral was sent to Akbar as envoy; Akbar sent Hazi Abdullah as envoy to the Portuguese. Father Rudolph was also sent as envoy; In 1583, Leo Gremont was sent as an ambassador; In 1594, IIrd mission arrived under Jerome Zavier and Father Emmanuel Pinhiro; Benedict Degoes arrived at lahore on 5th May, 1595;

Akbar's conquests

1558- Ajmeer
1559 - Gwalior

1560 - Jaunpur

1561 - Malwa - Baz Bahadur

1562 - Amber (Jaipur) - Raja Barmal

1562 - Merta - Jimal Rathod

1564 - Garh Katana - Rani Durgavathi

More details at

Mughal Empire History

Mughal Empire Babur 1526-1530

Babur
He was born on 14th February 1483;
Chagatai Turkish ruler;
He was 5th in descendent from Taimur and his mother was related to Changez Khan;
Mother's Name - Qutlug Nihgar Khanum, was the daughter of Yunus Khan;
Father's Name - Umar Sheikh Mirza - ruled the
kindgom of FARGANA;
In November 1497, he defeated Baisunqur Mirza and captured Samarkand.
He even lost Fargana, but in June 1498, he recovered Fargana and in November 1500 again
won Samarkand from Shaibani Khan - the chief of Uzbeks;
Again in 1501, he was badly defeated by Shaibani Khan and compelled to give his sister
Khanzada Begum in marriage. He became throneless and went to Taskent and took Shelter
under his maternal uncle Sultan
Mahmood Khan;
In June, 1503, Battle of Archiyan was fought and this gave a lesson to Babur that he could
have an east ward expansion;
In October 1504, he crossed Hindukush.
In Jan. 1505, he set out by Khyber pass for Peshawar and reached Kohat;
In September 1507, Babur crossed Indus advanced as far as Mandrawar in Lamghan;
In the meantime Shaibani Khan retired from Qandhar and Babur got tilte of Mirza (Prince)
and styled himself as Badshah of Kabul;
Humayun was born here only;
Babur again became active in 1518;
He conquered Bhira and at the Battle of Bhira gunpowder was used for the first time;
In 1519, he seized Bajaur. According to Babur it was his first real Indian invasion;
After Bajaur he captured Peshawar, defeated Yusufai Afghans;
In 1524, Babur led his 6th expedition on the invitation of Daulat Khan;
Babur had to return back in 1525 because of the Uzbek rebellion;
In his 7th attempt on 27th April, 1526, first battle of Panipat, he defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and
founded Mughal Empire in India;
In this war Babur took position in centre, right centre-chin Taimur Sultan and Left Centre
Mir Ali Khalifa, also assisted by Humayun and Khvajakilan.
Ibrahim Lodhi had 1 lac. Men and 1000 elephants while Babur had 24 000 men;
On 27th April, 1526, the Khutba was read in his name in Jami Masjid;
In the meantime Agra was captured by Humayun;
Humayun welcomed Babur and gave Kohinoor to him, which was captured from late Raja
Vikramjit of Gwalior;
Humayun captured Jaunpur, Gazipur, Kalpi and Gwalior;
Babur in December, 1526, narrowly escaped death from poison mixed in his food by Sultan
Ibrahim's mother through royal servants;
Next target was Rana Sanga-leaders of the Rajput confederacy;
Rana Sanga helped Babur in the war against Ibrahim Lodhi;
Babur declared his first Jehad against Rana Sanga and Rana Sangram Singh;
Finally on 17th March, 1527, in the Battle of Khanua, village some 37 miles west from Agra,
Rana Sanga was defeated;
Here he adopted a new strategy, also adopted in the 1st battle of Panipat-TULGAM (the
centre has a weak section, while the sides have a stronger one);
After Khanua, Babur assumed title 'Ghazi'"
On 7th April, 1527, he went to Mewat's capital Alwar and then to Malwa against Maidaui Rai
and captured parts of Chanderi; On 2nd February 1528, he sent an expedition under VIVAN
who captured Ayodhya and Lucknow and turned to Kanauj;
Here Mahmood Lodhi fought a war. On 6th May,1529, Battle of Ghhagra (Battle of Ganga),
he defeated the Afghans;
There after Babur sent Humayun to Samarkand;
Babur became ill and retired to his Jagir' at Sambhal and on 26th December.,
1530, he died in Agra;
His body was sent to Kabul;
His autobiography (Tuzuk-i-Baburi) was written in Turkish. He wrote Diwan in Turkish and
collection of Masnawis called MUBAYYAN - writer on law; He was one of the finest
Calligrapher and painter;

Mughal Empire Humayun 1530 -1556

Humayun (1530 -1556)
Born in 1508;
Had 4 brothers –
1. Mirza Suleman (Badakshan)
2. Kamarn (Kabul and Qandhar) outside India,
3. Askari in Punjab and Hindal in Sambal and
4. Alwar respectively;
The Mughal army consisted of Chagatai, Uzbek Mughal, Persian, Afghan and Hindustani
people;
Humayun's period can be divided into 4 phases:-
(i) Struggle-(1530-1540);
(ii) Exile-(1540-1545);
(iii) Return - (1545-1554);
(iv) Restoration - (1554-1556);
STRUGGLE (1530-1540)
He defeated the Afghans in the battle of Ghhagra;
In August, 1533, he laid the foundation of a new city in Delhi called DIN PANAH
(at the site of old Indraprastha). It was completed in 9 months;
In July 1534, Md. Zaman Mirza and Md. Sultan Mirza revolted;
In 1531 Bhadur Shah who became active in Malwa annexed it. He then captured Raisen,
Ranthambore, Chan-deri, Bhilsa and in January, 1533, Chittor. This alarmed Humayun'
By Mach, 1533, Bahadur captured Ajmer and Nagaur;
In November, 1534, Humayun moved from Agra to Gwalior and camped at Chittor but
Bahadur Shah did not come and he allowed Humayun to capture Chittor;
Rumi Khan was the master gunner of Bhadur Shah;
On 25th April, 1534, Bahadur Shah was defeated and he fled to Mandu'
On 13th June 1535, he captured Champaner;
He appointed Mirza Askari as the viceroy of Gujarat, made Ahmedabad his headquarters and
Hindu Begh was his advisor;
His success did not last long, as Askari did not prove to be effective. Gujarat was recaptured
by Malu Khan, governor of Bahadur Shah;
In 1533 - 36, Humayun remained in Gujarat, which proved to be blunder for him;
Humayun returned to Agra in August., 1536;
In July, 1537, he moved to Chunar, Rumi Khan now worked for him and Chunar was captured;
On the way to Gaur, Sher Shah cut off the communications in the Jharkhand area and the communication was lost between Mirza Hindal and Humayun;
His brothers Mirza Kamran was selfish, Yadgar Nasir Mirza incapable and Hindal was a rebel;
By the end of March 1539, Humayun set out from Bengal leaving Jahangir Ali Begh at Gaur;
On 26th June, 1539, the Mughal army was defeated;
In 1540, he was again defeated by Sher Shah at Kannauj because of the following:-
1. rebel of Hindal at Agra;
2. no help from the rulers of Malwa and Sindh;
3. the communication was cut of and no re-enforcement took place;
Humayun was compelled to leave India and his brother did not help him;
His plan to go to Badakshan through Kabul failed because of opposition from Kamaran;
Haidar Mirza made a suggestion to take shelter in Punjab Hills;
Peace negotiations with Sher Shah failed;
He offered Agra and Delhi to Sher Shah and retain Punjab to himself, but Sher Shahiefused;
Due to pressure from the Afghan he had to leave Lahore in October, 1540;
Finally on 26th January., 1541, he reached Sindh and incamped at Rohri - domain of Shah
Hussain Arghun;
Exile (1540 -1545)
Akbar was born on 15th October, at Amarkot;
Rana Virshal of Amarkot gave him shelter;
Wife of Humayun was Hamida Benu Begum;
Return (1545-1554)
After Humayun set out from his expedition in Sindh, along with 300 camels (mostly wild)
and 2000 loads of grain, he set off to join his brothers in Kandahar after crossing the Indus
River on 11 July 1543 along with the ambition to regain the Mughal Empire and overthrow
the Suri dynasty.
Among the tribes that had sworn allegiance to Humayun were the Magsi, Rind and many
others.
In Kamran Mirza's territory, Hindal Mirza had been placed under house arrest in Kabul after
refusing to have the Khutba recited in Kamran Mirza's name.
His other brother Askari Mirza was now ordered to gather an army and march on Humayun.
When Humayun received word of the approaching hostile army he decided against facing
them, and instead sought refuge elsewhere.
Akbar was left behind in camp close to Kandahar for, as it was December it would have been
too cold and dangerous to include the 14-month-old toddler in the forthcoming march
through the dangerous and snowy mountains of the Hindu Kush.
Askari Mirza found Akbar in the camp, and embraced him, and allowed his own wife to
parent him, she apparently started treating him as her own.
Once again Humayun turned toward Kandahar where his brother Kamran Mirza was in
power, but he received no help and had to seek refuge with the Shah of Persia.
Restoration (1545 -1556)
Humayun appointed Bairam Khan to the government of Qandhar and set out for Kabul;
He was helped by Mirza Hindal and Mirza Kamarn was forced to flee;
Humayun entered Kabul on 18th November, 1546, without any opposition;
In 1546, he campaigned Badakshan;
In 1549, he defeated Balkh and Uzbek;
In 1550, he again marched from Kabul:
On 25th December, 1554, he reached Peshawar and was joined by Bairam Khan;
In 1555, he defeated Machiwara (Ludhinana);
On 23rd July, 1555, he reentered Delhi;
Atga Khan, who took Hissar, had to surrendered;
On 24th January, 1556, he died leaving Bairam Khan as defacto;
The most disastrous campaign was Bengal
He died in Panch Mahal;
He wore black dress on Saturdays, yellow on Sundays and white on Mondays;

Danti durga

Danti Durga was the founder of Rashtakuta dynasty.
Titles: * Maharaajaadhiraaja..
 * Parama Maheshwara.
 * Parama Bhattaraka.
Dantidurga was the feudatory of Badami Calukya Vikramadithya II.
Danti Durga as a feudatory participated  in the Calukya x Arab and Chalukya X Pallava struggles.
Danti Durga became the administrator of Gujarath, Madhyapradesh and Berar.

Danti Durga made friendship with Pallavas, who are enemies of Badami Chalukyas. 

Jamalunnisa Baji

JAMALUNNISA BAJI

Date of Birth: 1915

            Jamalunnisa Baji, who not only fought for independence from the shackles of the British rule but also worked passionately for creating harmony among the people, was born in 1915 in Hyderabad.  She grew up to mould herself into a girl of independent ideas as her liberal parents had given her complete freedom.  She started reading the banned newspaper, ‘Nigaar’ at the age of 13.  She resented the British Government, the conservative religious traditions and the Nizam establishment which had turned into affiliate of the British.  She did not give up her independent ideas and practices inspite of the parochial thinking of her in-laws.  She came under the influence of Moulana Hasrath Mohani who was familiar as “Thunder bolt” in the Indian freedom movement.  Inspired by Hasrath Mohani she participated actively in the national and anti-imperialist movements.  As a communist, Baji obeyed the decision of the Communist party not to participate in the Quit India Movement.  But she gave shelter to freedom fighters during the movement.  Though she had no primary education, she learnt Urdu and English languages with hard work.  She started a progressive literary organisation called “Bazme Ehabad”.  Besides discussions on literary topics she also conducted discussions extensively on national movement, Socialism, Communism and on other irrational traditions.  Her sister Razia and her brothers also used to participate in those discussions.  She used to designs programmes in accordance with the discussions and conducts them fearlessly.  Razia Begum and her brothers Anwar and Jafar lend active support to Jamalunnisa Baji in this regard.  Baji took membership of the Communist Party of Indian in 1946.  Due to the restrictions imposed on the Communist Party of India and repression by Nizam government on communists, she organised her activities very secretly.  During this period, Jamalunnisa gave shelter to many of the national leaders who are fighting for the freedom of India and Communist Party of India in Hyderabad.  Jamalunnisa acted as a guiding light to several national and international women’s organisations.  Jamalunnisa Baji spent the later part of her life working indefatigably for the welfare of women and for the establishment of socialist society.

Abdul Habeeb Yusuf Marfani

ABDUL HABEEB YUSUF MARFANI

            Abdul Habeeb Yusuf Marfani, who gave away everything of his to Indian National Army, was hailed from Dhorji of Sourashtra region in Gujarat state.  He migrated to Rangoon the capital of Burma and became one of the rich business magnates of Rangoon.  In 1943 Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose reached Rangoon from Germany and took over the reins of Indian National Army.  Then he formed Azad Hind Government and Azad Hind Bank.  Later on in a huge meeting Netaji made an appeal to the public for ‘total mobilisation’.  Abdul Habeeb responded to the call of Netaji in a full measure by sacrificing all that he had and made thus acquiring for himself a prominent place in the chapter of ‘total mobilisation’ in the history of Indian National Army.  In one programme organised by Bose in Rangoon on 9^th July, 1944, Abdul Habeed magnanimously handed over a plateful of gold jewellery and cash along with a bundle of title deeds of his total property, all about the worth one crore and 3 lakh rupees to Netaji.  Then Habeeb Marfani requested Netaji to provide him with two pairs of Indian National Army uniform and allow him to serve as full-time volunteer in Indian National Army.  Thus Habeeb created new history as the first person to provide financial support to Azad Hind Government, Indian National Army and Azad Hind Bank which had started its banking activities.  Delighted and moulded with the ‘total sacrifice’ of Abdul Habeeb, Netaji said, ‘Brother, I am very happy today that people have stated realising their duties,… people are ready to sacrifice everything.  What Habeeb Seth has done is commendable, and those emulate him to serve the motherland are praise worthy’.  And even Netaji asked to take the ‘Drink of Habeeb’, so that everyone comes to sacrifice his might for the sake of Motherland.  So saying he exhorted the countrymen too follows the example of Habeeb in serving the motherland.  Shubas Chandra Bose announced ‘Sevak-e-Hind’ award for his ‘total mobilisation’ to Abdul Habeeb Yusuf Marfani.  He became the first person to receive such a award from Subhash Chandra Bose.  In a function organised on the occasion of centenary celebrations of Netaji’s birth in New Delhi in 2013, Abdul Habeeb’s grandson Abdul Habeeb Yakoob was felicitated in recognition of the unparalleled sacrifice of Abdul Habeed Yusuf Marfani.

Fareed Mirza

FAREED MIRZA

Date of Birth: 7^th July, 1918

            Fareed Mirza, who gave much importance to the concept of freedom and independence, was born on 7^th July, 1918 in Hyderabad.  He joined as an Officer in the Nizam State after his graduation from Osmania University.  Fareed Mirza was interested in the Indian National Movement from the beginning and he supported the demand for the merger of Nizam State into Indian Union in 1947, when India attained Independence.  He resigned from his job on 14^th July, 1948 to participate in the movement for the merger of Hyderabad state into Indian Union.  He appealed to Muslims of Nizam State to speak out against the repression of those supporting the merger with nationalist outlook.  Fareed Mirza had a draft statement prepared with the help of his friend Baqar Ali Mirza and garnered support for it from prominent Muslims of the Hyderabad city.  This historical statement advised the Nawab of Nizam to merge his Hyderabad State into Indian Union as per opinion expressed by the public.  Fareed Mirza got this statement published in local Urdu news papers on 13^th August, 1948 with the title ‘An Open Letter to the VII-Nizam from seven Prominent Muslims’.  This statement stirred sensation in the Nizam state and also irked its rulers.  The Nizam Government strictly ordered Fareed Mirza to withdraw the statement immediately.  But, Mirza and his friends refused to do so.  Several other news papers, which supported the ideology of ‘Ittehad-ul-Muslimin’ criticised Fareed Mirza and his friends branding them as traitors.  But, Mirza and his friends did not step back from their stand.  They also rejected the proposal brought out by a diplomat from Nizam.  As a result, they had to face the danger of attacks.  But, Mirza was not frightened.  Later on, he served as a member of the Rehabilitation Committee formed for the welfare of the people, who had suffered losses during the so called ‘Police Action’ in Hyderabad state.  He joined as a deputy collector in Hyderabad on 1^st August, 1949, but resigned from the job in April, 1961.  Fareed Mirza started his own Printing Press and worked as an agent of the Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Colonel Shaik Nizamuddin

   COLONEL NIZAMUDDIN SHAIK

Date of Birth: (1900/1906)

‘Had Netaji been alive today, India would not have been divided… I am not able to find what I have lost and what I have achieved’ laments Colonel Shaik Nizamuddin, who was born in 1900/1906 in Dhakwa village near Mubarkpur area of Azamghad district, Uttar Pradesh.  His original name was Saifudin Shaik, but he registered himself in Indian National Army as Nizamuddin Shaik.  He had been to Singapore in 1926 as his father Imam Ali was running a canteen in Singapore.  When Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose revived Indian National Army in 1943 and gave ‘Chalo Delhi’ call, Nizamuddin joined Indian National Army (INA).  Having noticed his commitment and efficiency, Netaji appointed him as his driver and later his body guard and personal assistant.  When Indian National Army (INA) had retreated after the defeat of Japan in the Second World War on 16^th August, 1945, Nizamuddin accompanied Netaji upto Singapore.  Nizamuddin does not believe that Netaji died in plane crash on 19^th August, 1945.  He questions the plane crash theory saying that ‘he had left Netaji on the banks of Sitangpur River near Burma – Thailand frontier four months after the said Plane crash’.  Nizamuddin spent his life in Bruma till 1950 and he married Habibunnisa, a girl from of an Indian Family.  He returned to India in 1969 to lead normal life in his native village Dhakwa.  In 2001, he revealed his role in the Indian National Army and requested the Government to recognise him as a freedom fighter.  Government of India responded favourably twelve years after his request.  In 2013, he was honoured as freedom fighter by Azamghar district magistrate Sri Pragjal Yadav in a grand felicitation function organised the Government in Dhakwa.  In that function, Poorvanchal University Vice Chancellor Sunder Lal conferred honorary degree on Colonel Nizamuddin.  Azamghar district magistrate declared his as a ‘freedom fighter and said that related all facilities would be provided to Nizamuddin after due official procedure.  It is only after this programme that Colonel Shaik Nizamuddin’s role in Indian National Army came to light.

Colonel Inayat Khan Kiani

           

COLONEL INAYAT KHAN KIANI

            Colonel Inayat Khan Kiani, who played a vital role in the Azad Hind Fouj, under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, was born in Rawalpindi in Pakistan.  His father was Raja Gulab Khan.  Inayat hailed from the ‘Gakhars’ dynasty, which ruled the Potor area in Pakistan for about seven hundred years.  He was an officer in the British Indian Army.  The British forces were defeated by the Japan-Germany troops while he was rendering his duties as an official of the British Army.  Kiani was caught along with the other Indian officials of the British Army as a war prisoner.  During his detention, he joined the Indian National Army led by Captain Mohan Singh under the guidance of the revolutionary leader Ras Bihari Bose.  When Captain Mohan Singh dissolved the Indian National Army, because of differences cropped up with Japan, he worked as a member of the Advisory Council of the Indian National Army as on the advice of Ras Bihari Bose.  Later, he was appointed as the Commander of the Gandhi regiment in the Indian National Army, when its leadership was taken over by Subhash Chandra Bose.  Responding to the call of Subhash Chandra Bose, ‘Chalo Delhi’, Inayat Khan reached Burma battle field from Malaya, where he led his troops towards victory.  Gandhi regiment, under the leadership of Inayat, was able to capture the Palell Airport on 2^nd May, 1944.  It also had its share in three other victories.  The Indian National Army could capture an area of 200 Sq. Miles of Indian Territory during that war.  Inayat was appreciated by Subhash Chandra Bose for his abilities in formulating the strategies and conducting ambushes and thus, he was given a place in the ‘War Council’ of the Indian National Army.  But, the troops led by Inayat were detained by the British Indian Army, when the Japan Army surrendered in the world war-II.  Later, he was presented at Delhi as the witness of the respondents for the trial held in the Red Fort.  Later, Inayat worked as the member of the Rehabilitation and Renovation Committee for the welfare of his colleagues of the Indian National Army and of their family members.  When India got independence, Colonel Inayat Khan Kiani, reached his native village in Pakistan, where he held different high profile posts in the newly formed Government of Pakistan.

Captain Abbas Ali

CAPTAIN ABBAS ALI

Date of Birth: 3^rd January, 1920

            Captain Abbas Ali born on 3^rd January, 1920 in a Zamindar family in Khurja village in Buland Shahar district of Uttar Pradesh.  He is form a Muslim Rajput family which never accepted the supremacy of the British.  Abbas fought for the liberation of his motherland as a captain in the Indian National Army and was active in political activities for his object of socialistic pattern of society.  While he was a high school student, Abbas became a member of ‘Nowjawan Bharath Samithi’ founded by Sardar Bhagat Singh and others.  He went to Aligarh University for further studies, where he came under the influence of another freedom fighter and a communist Dr. Kunwar Ahamed Ashraaf.  Abbas took membership in All India Student Federation.  Later he joined British Indian Army on the advice of Dr. Ashraaf to bring about a rebellion in the British Indian Army.  During the Second World War he was sent to Singapore in 1941.  When British forces surrendered to the Japanese Army, Abbas Ali was taken as a prisoner of war.  He was later inspired by the speech made by Subhash Chandra Bose in 1943, near the grave of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mogul Emperor.  He de-iced to dedicate his life for the emancipation of his motherland.  Abbas joined Indian National Army wherein he was promoted as a captain.  He was sent to Arkan war field in pursuance of the ‘Chalo Delhi’ call given by Subhash Chandra Bose.  The Indian National Army was forced to retreat with the defeat of Japan in the Second World War.  The British Army arrested Abbas and sentenced him to death after conducting so called court martial.  But the death sentence was revoked when India became independent.  Abbas played an active role in Uttar Pradesh politics in Independent India.  He worked with stalwarts like Achaya Narendra Dev, Jayaprakash Narayan and Ram Manohar Lohia.  Abbas was arrested more than 50 times during his political career from 1948 to 1974.  He spent 19 months in Jail during emergency.  He was elected to Uttar Pradesh legislative Council in 1978.  Abiding his word that he would strive for the socialistic society till his last breath, Captain Abbas Ali is still continuing his activities in New Delhi.

Colonel Shoukat Ali Malik

COLONEL SHOUKAT ALI MALIK

            Colonel Shoukat Ali Malik, who was honoured by Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose with ‘Sardar-e-Jung’ for his gallantry shown in the war waged by the Azad Hind Fouj against the British to liberate the Nation, was born in Multan, now in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.  He was sent to Singapore while he was working as the Naik Subedar in the British Indian Army of Bhawalpur Infantry.  He was leading the troops, when British Army surrendered to the Japan during the World War-II.  He was a great supporter of the Indian National Movement.  He held responsibilities in the Indian National Army from the very beginning.  He attended the International Conference of the leaders of the Independence League, which was held in Bangkok in June, 1942.  He joined in Indian National Army formed on 1^st September, 1942 by Captain Mohan Singh.  He supported him when it was dissolved by Captain Mohan Singh.  Later, he was appointed as the Commander of the Intelligence group after the reorganisation of the Indian National Army on 15^th February, 1943.  He became famous as the ‘Master Mind of the Intelligence Service’ because of his able leadership.  When Subhash Chandra Bose gave a call for ‘Chalo Delhi’ and declared war against the British, Malik directly reached the battle field in Burma from Singapore.  Malik’s troop won the first victory over the British forces with the help of Japanese Army.  Malik, who led his troops successfully to make entry into the enemy forces, hoisted the National Flag in Moirang of Manipur on 18^th April, 1944.  Thus, Malik created history as the first Indian officer to hoist the National Flag on the native land.  He also looked after the administrative affairs successfully in the liberated areas.  He went to Rangoon in 1944 because of his illness.  Later on he reached the battle field at Mandale again in February, 1945 to lead his troops against the British Army.  He escaped narrowly from the British forces which had encircled him and his force.  He went along with Subhash Chandra Bose to lead the female troops of the Jhansi regiment of Indian National Army to a safer location after defeat of Japan in the world war.  Colonel Malik had a strong desire for freedom and a special affection towards Netaji.  He faced the trial by the British Government in the Red Fort.  Later, Colonel Shoukat Ali Malik served as a special invitee in the Advisory Committee, formed for the welfare of the members of the Azad Hind Fouj.

Colonel Eshaan Qadri

COLONEL ESHAAN QADRI

Date of Birth: 1916

            Colonel Eshaan Qadri, who was famous for his warrior skills exhibited in the Indian National Army, was born in 1916 at Lahore in the Punjab Province, which is now in Pakistan.  His father was Sir Abdul Qadri.  Eshaan Qadri was trained in the Indian Military Academy of Deharadun in 1935.  He worked as the Captain in the Punjab regiment of the British Indian Army.  During Second World War he was sent to Singapore in 1939.  When the British troops surrendered to the Japanese Army during the first phase of the World War-II, troops led by Qadri were detained by Japan forces at Kaulalampur in January, 1942.  Later, Qadri met Captain Mohan Singh, the leader of the Indian National Army, which was formed on 1^st September, 1942.  Eshaan was assigned responsibilities to organise radio propaganda to garner public support for the war prisoners of British Indian Army held by Japan in the World War.  He supervised the radio programmes broadcast from Saigan.  But, he returned from Saigan to prevent Captain Mohan Singh from his plans to dissolve the Indian National Army.  When the Indian National Army was revived and taken over by Subhash Chandra Bose, he was revived and taken over by Subhash Chandra Bose; he was given the charge of recruitment for the Indian National Army.  Eshaan Qadri was appointed as the Minister for the Human Resources Development and member of the ‘War Council’ in the Azad Hind Government which was formed under the leadership of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose.  Qadri went to Rangoon from Singapore along with Subhash Chandra Bose.  He was a good strategist and also an appealing orator.  He toiled hard to recruit civilians and the war prisoners for Indian National Army and to train them as warriors.  He also led the activities of the ‘Azad Hind Dal’, which was formed to admister the areas captured and occupied by the Indian National Army.  Qadri went to the battle field in April, 1944 and reached back to Rangoon in December, 1944.  When Japan was defeated in the World War-II, Qadri along with his troops of Indian National Army was caught by British Indian Army.  Along with other Azad Hind Fouz officers, Colonel Eshaan Qadri too had undergone military trial at Delhi Red fort.

Mulla Abdul Basith

MULLA ABDUL BASITH

Date of Birth: 1889

            Mulla Abdul Basith, who hailed from a family which was unable to accept the hegemony of the foreign rulers over the natives, committed strove for a imperial rulers.  He was born in 1889 in Gulbarga, which is presently in Karnataka state.  Amulla Abdul Khayyum, the renowned renaissance leader of Hyderabad of Deccan was his father.  His brother Abdul Munnem was a great writer with nationalist ideas.  Abdul Basith completed Fazil course from Punjab University.  The inspiration for his nationalist ideas came from his father, who was a district judge in Nizam Government.  Stepping in to his father’s shoes he established an organisation called ‘The Red Crescent Society’ to which he donated three lakh rupees to be used for the wounded soldiers in the Balkan war in 1912.  He played a major role in ‘Anjuman-e-Mariff’’, an organisation established by his father in 1905.  Through this organisation, he worked for socio-economic and intellectual development of the people of Hyderabad.  He started a magazine in 1905 titled ‘Sahifa’ edited by Akbar Ali, to the spread of nationalistic ideas in the people.  He was transformed it into a daily later on.  He wrote regularly for this daily in support of Indian national movement.  He countered the criticism against his father and silenced the ill-intentioned critics with his apt replies.  He organised Hyderabad educational conference in 1915 for the development of education and gave scholarships for the poor students.  He played an active role in public life ad started another Urdu paper called ‘Khadim’.  This paper opposed Imperial powers and stood in support of Indian National leaders and played a major role in the movement to merge Nizam state into Indian Union.  He supported the demand of Fareed Mirza, to abolish Razakars system and to merge Nizam state in Indian Union.  The letter addressed to Nizam, prepared by Fared Mirza’s was first published in ‘Khadim’.  Nizam Government passed the order to revoke that letter and issued summons for his appearance before Nizam.  But Basith did not obey and rejected the order to take back his contentions.  Due to this disobedience ‘Khadim’ was banned by Nizam Government.  Through his paper, Basith condemned the statements describing the Nationalists as ‘traitors’ and ‘agents of Indian Union’.  The Nizam Government stopped his pension since his writings and actions were supporting the Indian National Movement.  He also rendered his services as the member of Rehabilitation Committee formed by the Indian Government as a consequence of brutal acts by the police at time of so called ‘Police Action’.  Subsequently he lead a peaceful life in publishing Urdu papers, creating literature and serving the people through several service organisations.