Hali or Haliya

Hali or Haliya

Bonded agricultural labourer of western India. Kamiya Bonded agricultural labourer of eastern India. Manamdar Holder of land tenure under the zamindars (jenmis) in Kerala. During the term of the tenure (usually 12 years) the kanamdar paid the jenmi a lower rent than other tenants. At the beginning of the tennhe paid the jenmi a lump sum (the kanam) and the rent he had to pay was accordingly reduced. The kanamdar either cultivated the

land himself or let them out to other tenants such as pattadars.